Fuel consumption is often seen as a matter of engine size or vehicle type, but everyday driving behaviour plays an equally important role. How a car is driven, from acceleration to gear use, can influence how much fuel it burns and how much it ultimately costs to run.
According to data from the International Energy Agency, transport remains a major source of energy use, with driving efficiency directly affecting both fuel demand and emissions.
Speed and acceleration
Driving at higher speeds increases fuel consumption significantly, as engines must work harder to overcome air resistance. The effect becomes more pronounced on motorways, where even small increases in speed can lead to disproportionately higher fuel use.
Frequent acceleration and braking have a similar impact. Sudden changes in speed require more energy, while smoother driving allows the engine to operate more efficiently. Maintaining a steady pace, particularly on longer journeys, is generally the most fuel-efficient approach.
Driving a manual car efficiently
For drivers of manual vehicles, gear selection is a key factor in fuel efficiency. Staying in lower gears for too long keeps engine speeds high and increases fuel consumption, while shifting up earlier can help reduce strain on the engine.
The following video explains how driving style, gear changes and engine speed influence fuel consumption in practice:
Anticipating traffic conditions and changing gears smoothly can also limit unnecessary acceleration and braking. Keeping the engine in an appropriate gear for the vehicle’s speed allows it to run more efficiently, particularly in stop-start urban environments.
Idling and short journeys
Leaving a vehicle idling uses fuel without covering any distance. While modern engines are designed to be more efficient, prolonged idling still contributes to unnecessary fuel consumption.
Short trips can also be less efficient, as engines consume more fuel before reaching their optimal operating temperature. Combining journeys where possible can help reduce this effect.
Weight, aerodynamics and maintenance
Carrying excess weight increases the workload on the engine, leading to higher fuel use. External features such as roof racks can also affect aerodynamics, especially at higher speeds.
Vehicle condition is another important factor. Underinflated tyres create additional resistance, while poor maintenance can reduce engine efficiency. Regular servicing helps ensure that the vehicle performs as intended and avoids avoidable increases in fuel consumption.
Urban driving and traffic conditions
Driving in cities typically leads to higher fuel consumption than motorway travel due to congestion, traffic lights and frequent stops. Planning routes to avoid heavy traffic and adopting smoother driving techniques can help reduce fuel use in these conditions.
Small changes, lasting impact
While vehicle design and fuel type influence efficiency, driving habits remain one of the most immediate ways to reduce fuel consumption. Even modest adjustments, such as smoother acceleration or better gear use, can lower costs over time while also reducing emissions, as highlighted by the European Environment Agency.