Rosemary, an aromatic herb found in most kitchens, may offer a range of health benefits, particularly for the brain, inflammation and the immune system, according to scientific research. Some studies even suggest that a compound derived from it could one day help in the fight against Alzheimer's disease, although the strongest findings so far come from studies in mice.
An old link with memory
Rosemary has long been associated with memory and mental clarity. In ancient Greece and Rome, students and scholars used it in the hope of improving their concentration and recall.
Modern science is now identifying the compounds behind this reputation, according to The Independent.
Less stress, better sleep
Rosemary stimulates blood circulation, helping to deliver more oxygen and nutrients to the brain, which may improve mental clarity. It also has calming properties. Some studies suggest that its scent can reduce anxiety and improve sleep, and lower stress can in turn mean better concentration and memory.
The herb contains compounds that interact with the brain's neurotransmitters. One of them, 1,8-cineole, helps prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine, a brain chemical essential for learning and memory. By preserving acetylcholine, rosemary may help support cognitive performance, especially as we age.
Rich in antioxidants
Rosemary is also rich in antioxidants, which help protect brain cells from damage caused by oxidative stress, a major factor in cognitive decline.
One of its most powerful plant compounds is carnosic acid, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that helps protect brain cells from damage, particularly the kind linked to Alzheimer's disease.
A compound tested in mice
In 2025, researchers developed a modified form of carnosic acid called diAcCA. In preclinical studies, the compound improved memory, increased the number of synapses (the connections between brain cells) and reduced harmful proteins associated with Alzheimer's, such as beta-amyloid and tau.
Of particular interest is that diAcCA is activated only in inflamed areas of the brain, which could minimise side effects. So far, studies in mice have shown no signs of toxicity and significant cognitive improvements, raising hopes that trials in humans could follow.
Researchers also believe diAcCA could help treat other inflammatory conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and Parkinson's disease.
Benefits beyond the brain
Rosemary's benefits may extend well beyond the brain. It has traditionally been used to aid digestion, relieve bloating and reduce inflammation. Compounds such as rosmarinic acid and ursolic acid are known for their anti-inflammatory effects throughout the body.
Rosemary oil also has antimicrobial properties. By inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi, it shows promise for food preservation and possible medical applications.
Is it safe?
For most people, rosemary is safe when used in food, tea or aromatherapy. However, concentrated doses or extracts may carry risks. Consuming large amounts can cause vomiting or, in rare cases, seizures, particularly in people with epilepsy.
Source: The Independent
